Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR)

Trauma and PTSD can have detrimental and long-lasting effects on a person’s mental health and overall well-being. EMDR is a structured therapy that uses bilateral stimulation while asking clients to focus on a traumatic memory. This approach is associated with reduced emotional distress, fewer negative thoughts, and improved quality of life. EMDR is one of many trauma therapies offered by Agape.

What is EMDR Therapy?

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a type of psychotherapy developed by Dr. Francine Shapiro, Ph.D. in 1987.[1] It is primarily used to help individuals process and resolve traumatic memories and distressing experiences. EMDR therapy is recognized as an effective treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and other trauma-related conditions.[1,2] 

EMDR is based on the idea that trauma and disturbing events can essentially become “stuck” in the brain’s information-processing system, leading to ongoing emotional and psychological distress. The therapy aims to help the brain process these memories properly so that they are no longer “stuck” or able to cause significant emotional distress.

The primary technique used in EMDR is bilateral stimulation, which involves engaging both sides of the brain through rhythmic, bilateral techniques, such as guided eye movements, tapping, or auditory tones. This stimulation is thought to aid in the processing of traumatic memories and help reduce the emotional distress the memories cause.

EMDR Applications

Although EMDR was developed to treat trauma and PTSD, it is frequently used to treat other psychological conditions, as well. EMDR can help treat:

• Anxiety disorders
• Panic attacks
• Substance use disorders
• Co-occurring disorders
• Eating disorders

EMDR is often used alongside other talk therapies, such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT).

What to Expect From EMDR Therapy: The Eight Phases of EMDR

EMDR therapy uses a structured eight-phase approach.[3]

Phase 1: History-Taking

In the first phase of EMDR therapy, the therapist thoroughly assesses the client’s personal history and current psychological state. This involves exploring the client’s medical background, identifying specific traumatic experiences or distressing memories that may be affecting them, and evaluating their overall mental health. 

The therapist collaborates closely with the client to set clear treatment goals and prioritize which traumatic memories to address first. This phase lays the groundwork for the therapy by understanding the client’s issues and creating a tailored treatment plan based on their needs.

Phase 2: Preparing the Client

Preparing the client involves explaining the therapy’s procedures, goals, and what to expect during sessions. The therapist also helps the client develop coping strategies and relaxation techniques to manage any distress that may arise during the therapy. 

This phase is crucial for building a trusting therapeutic relationship and ensuring that the client feels safe and ready to engage in the subsequent phases of treatment.

Phase 3: Assessing the Target Memory

Next, the focus shifts to identifying specific traumatic memories and the negative thoughts, feelings, and beliefs associated with them. 

The therapist and client work together to select particular memories that will be targeted during the therapy. The client reflects on the negative beliefs they hold about themselves related to these memories, such as feelings of worthlessness or powerlessness. Additionally, they identify positive beliefs they would like to adopt, such as feeling empowered or in control, which will be reinforced later in the therapy.

Phase 4: Desensitization

The desensitization phase is where the majority of the EMDR processing occurs. The client focuses on a selected traumatic memory while the therapist uses bilateral stimulation techniques, such as guided eye movements, tapping, or auditory tones. This stimulation helps the client process the memory and reduces the emotional charge associated with it. 

The goal of this phase is to diminish the distress and emotional intensity connected to the traumatic memory that is being targeted, making it less disruptive to the client’s daily life. 

Phase 5: Installation

Once the emotional distress related to the traumatic memory has been reduced, the installation phase focuses on reinforcing healthy and positive beliefs. The therapist helps the client concentrate on and strengthen these positive beliefs, such as feeling safe or competent, which are intended to replace the individual’s previously held negative beliefs. Bilateral stimulation is again used to support the reinforcement of these positive beliefs, promoting a healthier view of oneself.

Phase 6: Body Scan

Anxiety and trauma can cause uncomfortable physical symptoms. In the body scan phase, clients are encouraged to pay attention to any residual physical tension or discomfort related to the processed memory. This step ensures that the memory has been fully integrated and that any remaining physical manifestations of distress are addressed.

The therapist may use additional bilateral stimulation or other techniques to help the client resolve any lingering physical sensations associated with the traumatic memory.

Phase 7: Closure

The closure phase involves helping the client return to a stable and balanced emotional state after processing the memory. The therapist guides the client through grounding techniques and self-care strategies to ensure they feel calm and secure before concluding the session. This phase is important for managing any residual feelings or distress and for preparing the client to function effectively between therapy sessions.

Phase 8: Re-evaluation

Finally, during the reevaluation phase, the therapist and client review the progress made in previous sessions. They assess the effectiveness of the therapy by examining changes in the client’s distress levels and the impact of the positive beliefs that were reinforced. 

The therapist addresses any remaining issues or new concerns that have emerged and adjusts the treatment plan as needed. This phase ensures that the therapy is achieving its intended outcomes and helps in planning for future sessions or additional therapeutic targets.

How Long Does EMDR Take?

EMDR therapy is delivered on a one-on-one basis, typically one to two times per week. Most people require 6-12 total sessions. Sessions can be conducted on consecutive days or they can be spread out over the week. Some clients experience relief in six or fewer sessions while others require more treatment.

Heal From Trauma With the Support of Agape

At Agape Behavioral Center, we understand that mental health is a crucial aspect of overall well-being. That’s why we’ve made it our mission to provide the highest quality treatment and support for patients in Fort Pierce who are struggling with their mental health. 

We believe in the power of connection, empathy, and understanding, and we strive to create a safe treatment experience where everyone feels valued. Agape is love. Join our community and find the support you need by contacting us today.

References:

1. Springer Link: Revisiting the Origins of EMDR
2. National Institute of Health: The Role of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Therapy in Medicine: Addressing the Psychological and Physical Symptoms Stemming from Adverse Life Experiences
3. National Institute of Health: A Flash of Hope: Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Therapy