Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

ADHD is a chronic condition that affects millions of children in the United States and often continues into the adult years. People with ADHD have difficulty paying attention, experience hyperactivity, and struggle with impulsive behavior. Comprehensive treatment plans and support groups can enable those with ADHD to live productive and fulfilling lives.

This article discusses ADHD symptoms and treatment. You will learn:

• What ADHD is
• Common types of ADHD
• Symptoms and risk factors
• How ADHD is treated

If you or a loved one need treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or another mental health condition in Fort Pierce, don’t hesitate to reach out to our team at Agape Behavioral Center today.

What is Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)?

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that interfere with functioning or development. It typically begins in childhood and can persist into adolescence and adulthood.

ADHD exists on a spectrum, and individuals may experience symptoms to varying degrees of severity. There are three primary presentations of ADHD:

• Predominantly Inattentive Presentation – Characterized by difficulties with attention and organization, without significant hyperactivity-impulsivity.
• Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Presentation – Mainly characterized by hyperactivity and impulsivity without significant problems with attention.
• Combined Presentation – Features of both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity are present.

ADHD can impact various aspects of a child’s life, including academic or work performance, relationships, and self-esteem. ADHD in adults can lead to feelings of poor self-worth, sensitivity when receiving criticism, and increased self-criticism.

According to the American Psychiatric Association (APA), an estimated 8.4% of children and 2.5% of adults have ADHD. It is more frequently diagnosed in boys, however, girls experience ADHD at similar rates.

Symptoms of ADHD

ADHD symptoms can vary depending on the type of ADHD and individual characteristics. Generally, symptoms fall into two main categories: inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity. 

Symptoms of inattention include:

• Easily distracted by unrelated thoughts or stimuli
• Difficulty focusing on tasks or activities, especially those that require sustained mental effort
• Difficulty organizing tasks and activities
• Often losing things that are necessary for tasks (such as school supplies or work materials)
• Forgetfulness in regard to daily activities like chores or appointments
• Avoidance or dislike of tasks that require prolonged mental effort
• Trouble following instructions or completing tasks (especially if they are boring or repetitive)
• Frequently making careless mistakes in schoolwork, work, or other activities

Symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity include:

• Excessive fidgeting of the hands or feet
• Leaving one’s seat when attendance is expected, such as in the classroom or office
• Difficulty staying quiet when engaging in activating
• Blurting out answers before the other person is done asking the question
• Frequently interrupting conversations
• Difficulty waiting for one’s turn to speak or play games
• Talking excessively

ADHD symptoms can appear as early as ages 3-6. Diagnosis is made after a comprehensive evaluation. To be diagnosed with ADHD, symptoms must be chronic or long-lasting and impair daily functioning. Without treatment, children with ADHD may experience poor academic performance and cognitive development.

Common Risk Factors

The exact cause of ADHD isn’t entirely understood. Genes may play a role, but further studies are needed to understand the genetic component.

Researchers have found evidence that children with ADHD have less gray and white brain matter volume than other kids. They have also found that children with ADHD experience different regions of the brain being activated during different tasks, suggesting anatomical risk factors.

ADHD is more common in people who have other conditions like anxiety, depression, conduct disorder, learning disabilities, and substance abuse issues.

Other risk factors include:

• Having a parent or sibling who has ADHD or another mental health condition
• Maternal substance abuse during pregnancy
• Premature birth or low birth weight
• Exposure to environmental toxins like lead

How is ADHD Treated?

Effective treatment of ADHD often involves a combination of strategies such as medication, behavioral interventions, education and support for individuals and family members, and accommodations at school or work. With such support, individuals with ADHD can live productive and successful lives, both at home and at work.

Medication

Medication is often a key component in the treatment of ADHD, particularly in reducing symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. 

Stimulant medications such as methylphenidate (Ritalin) and amphetamine-based medications (Adderall) are commonly prescribed. These medications for ADHD work by increasing the levels of neurotransmitters like dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, which play a role in attention and impulse control.

Therapy and Behavioral Interventions

Various types of therapy and behavioral interventions are crucial components of ADHD treatment, helping individuals develop skills to manage symptoms and improve functioning in various domains of life.

Behavioral therapy techniques such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and behavior modification focus on teaching coping strategies, organizational skills, time management, and problem-solving techniques. It can also help reduce impulsive behaviors in people with ADHD. These therapies are guided by a licensed mental health professional.

Treating ADHD in children often involves using parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT). PCIT helps parents learn strategies to support their child’s behavior at home and in social settings, reinforcing positive behaviors and setting clear expectations.

Finally, social skills training and group therapy sessions can help individuals improve interpersonal relationships, communication skills, and emotional regulation.

Accommodations for School or Work

Certain accommodations can provide essential support for individuals with ADHD to succeed in academic or work environments. In schools, accommodations may include extended time for tests, preferential seating, or access to assistive technology. In workplaces, employers can provide accommodations such as flexible work schedules, task prioritization assistance, or noise-reducing headphones.

ADHD Treatment in Florida With Agape Behavioral Health

At Agape Behavioral Center, we understand that mental health is a crucial aspect of overall well-being. That’s why we’ve made it our mission to provide the highest quality mental health treatment and support for patients who are struggling. We believe in the power of connection, empathy, and understanding, and we strive to create a safe treatment experience where everyone feels valued. 

To learn more about our ADHD treatment program in Fort Pierce or to get started with a confidential, risk-free assessment, please contact us today.

References:

1. National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH): Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
2. American Psychiatric Association (APA): What is ADHD?
3. National Institutes of Health (NIH): Understanding Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder From Childhood to Adulthood
4. American Academy of Pediatrics: ADHD Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines: A Historical Perspective
5. Springer Link: An overview on neurobiology and therapeutics of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
6. National Institute of Health (NIH): Using Stimulants for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Clinical Approaches and Challenges